Uneven skin tone refers to a lack of uniformity in skin color, with areas appearing lighter or darker than others. Hyperpigmentation is a specific type of uneven skin tone characterized by darker patches or discoloration.

Several factors can contribute to this:

• Sun exposure: Sun damage can lead to hyperpigmentation by stimulating melanin production, the pigment that gives skin its color.
• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormones, such as during pregnancy or with certain medications, can trigger hyperpigmentation.
• Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions like acne, eczema, or psoriasis can leave behind hyperpigmentation after inflammation subsides.
• Scars: Scarring can cause areas of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation (lighter patches).

Treatments: Addressing the underlying cause is crucial. For sun damage-induced hyperpigmentation, sun protection is essential. Topical creams containing ingredients like vitamin C, kojic acid, or hydroquinone can help lighten dark spots. Chemical peels, laser treatments, and microneedling may also be offered by dermatologists for more stubborn cases.

Disclaimer: Achieving a perfectly even skin tone might not always be possible. Consistency with a good skincare routine, sun protection, and appropriate treatments can significantly improve the appearance of uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation.